Development of an AR-based flipbook as an innovative learning resource

Authors

  • Sri Rahayu Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia
  • Danny Meirawan Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia
  • Muktiarni Muktiarni Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia
  • Zahra Ghinaya Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia
  • Zenita Sabitri Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia
  • Affero Ismail Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24036/jptk.v1i1.46223

Keywords:

ADDIE, augmented reality, flipbook, environmental occupational safety and health

Abstract

In the 21st century, globalization and digital transformation have significantly altered human life patterns. Digital technology has become central to nearly all aspects of life, including the education sector in Indonesia. Technological skills and readiness to meet the demands of the job market have become increasingly critical. Vocational education, such as vocational high schools, aims to equip students with the competencies necessary to compete in the global market. However, challenges in enhancing the quality and relevance of education remain a significant issue. In fact, according to Indonesia’s Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the unemployment rate for vocational high school graduates reached 9.6% in 2023, the highest among all education levels, underscoring the urgent need for innovative approaches in vocational learning. One proposed solution is the development of flipbook-based learning media integrated with Augmented Reality (AR) to enhance student engagement and skills in the digital era. This study employed ADDIE (Analyse, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The results indicate that the VOCAR-FLIP model is significantly effective in improving students' learning outcomes, particularly in terms of academic achievement and conceptual understanding. These findings are expected to contribute meaningfully to the advancement of more innovative and effective educational technologies for future learning.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abd. Syakur, Sugirin, & Widiarni. (2020). The Effectiveness of English Learning Media through Google Classroom in Higher Education. Britain International of Linguistics Arts and Education (BIoLAE) Journal, 2(1), 475–483. https://doi.org/10.33258/biolae.v2i1.218

Abuhassna, H., Alnawajha, S., Awae, F., Adnan, M., & Edwards, B. I. (2024). Synthesizing technology integration within the Addie model for instructional design: A comprehensive systematic literature review. Journal of Autonomous Intelligence, 7(5), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.32629/jai.v7i5.1546

Alenezi, M., Wardat, S., & Akour, M. (2023). The need of integrating digital education in higher education: Challenges and opportunities. Sustainability, 15(6), 4782. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064782

Alfaen, D. M., & Ismail, Y. (2024). Navigating Post-Graduation Crossroads: Seeking Employment or Continuing Education. IIUM Journal of Case Studies in Management, 15(1).

Ali, W. N. A. W., & Yahaya, W. A. J. W. (2024). Optimizing Acceptance Testing (pp. 419–436). https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-6397-3.ch019

Alqahtani, E. S., & AlNajdi, S. M. (2024). Potential obstacles to adopting augmented reality (AR) technologies as pedagogical tools to support students learning in higher education. Interactive Learning Environments, 32(7), 3136-3145. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2023.2167840

Asiri, A., Panday-Shukla, P., Rajeh, H. S., & Yu, Y. (2021). Broadening perspectives on CALL teacher education: From technocentrism to integration. Tesl-Ej, 24(4), 1–23. https://www.tesl-ej.org/pdf/ej96/a8.pdf

Bilgiç, S., & Aytaç, T. (2024). Evaluation of School Occupational Health and Safety Practices Performance Indicators by School While the concept of "occupational safety" refers to the protection of workers against. Türk Akademik Yayınlar Dergisi (TAY Journal), 8(2), 349- 389. https://doi.org/10.29329/%20tayjournal.2024.653.07

Bitrián, P., Buil, I., & Catalán, S. (2021). Enhancing user engagement: The role of gamification in mobile apps. Journal of Business Research, 132(April), 170–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.028

Bunari, B., Setiawan, J., Ma’arif, M. A., Purnamasari, R., Hadisaputra, H., & Sudirman, S. (2024). The influence of flipbook learning media, learning interest, and learning motivation on learning outcomes. Journal of Education and Learning, 18(2), 313–321. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v18i2.21059

Call, C. C., Eckstrand, K. L., Kasparek, S. W., Boness, C. L., Blatt, L., Jamal-Orozco, N., Novacek, D. M., & Foti, D. (2023). An Ethics and Social-Justice Approach to Collecting and Using Demographic Data for Psychological Researchers. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 18(5), 979–995. https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916221137350

Chiu, C. F. (2020). Facilitating K-12 teachers in creating apps by visual programming and project-based learning. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 15(1), 103–118. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i01.11013

Ciarli, T., Kenney, M., Massini, S., & Piscitello, L. (2021). Digital technologies, innovation, and skills: Emerging trajectories and challenges. Research Policy, 50(7), 104289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2021.104289

Dick, W., & Reiser, R. A. (1989). Planning Effective Instruction. Prentice Hall. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=thMmAQAAIAAJ

Ediyani, M., Hayati, U., Salwa, S., Samsul, S., Nursiah, N., & Fauzi, M. B. (2020). Study on Development of Learning Media. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal). 3 (2), 1136-1142. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v3i2.989

Faidlatul Habibah, A., & Irwansyah, I. (2021). Era Masyarakat Informasi sebagai Dampak Media Baru. Jurnal Teknologi Dan Sistem Informasi Bisnis, 3(2), 350–363. https://doi.org/10.47233/jteksis.v3i2.255

Ferreira, J. M., Acuña, S. T., Dieste, O., Vegas, S., Santos, A., Rodríguez, F., & Juristo, N. (2020). Impact of usability mechanisms: An experiment on efficiency, effectiveness and user satisfaction. Information and Software Technology, 117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2019.106195

Fitria, T. N. (2023). Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) technology in education: Media of teaching and learning: A review. International Journal of Computer and Information System (IJCIS), 4(1), 14–25. https://doi.org/10.29040/ijcis.v4i1.102

Goswami, S., & Sharma, S. (2022). Augmented Reality in Medical Education: An Industry 4.0 Enabled Innovative Approach. 3rd International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication (ICOSEC), 29–33. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICOSEC54921.2022.9951941

Gultom, S. (2021). Implementation Of Occupational Safety And Health (K3) For Students In Facing Pandemic. Natural Volatiles & Essential Oils (NVEO), 8(4), 2633–2648. https://www.nveo.org/index.php/journal/article/view/620/572

Grundall, K., & Mack, A. (2023). Influencing Students’ Technical Vocational Education and Training Career Path: A Qualitative Research. Caribbean Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 2(1), 165-198. https://cjms.utt.edu.tt/ojs/index.php/cjms/article/view/26

Haleem, A., Javaid, M., Qadri, M. A., & Suman, R. (2022). Understanding the role of digital technologies in education: A review. Sustainable Operations and Computers, 3, 275–285. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susoc.2022.05.004

Harianja, N., Soraya, T. R., & Fibriasari, H. (2021). Development of interactive multimedia on learning descriptive text for French learners in North Sumatra. Britain International of Linguistics Arts and Education (BIoLAE) Journal, 3(1), 88–100. https://doi.org/10.33258/biolae.v3i1.412

Herbert, I. P., Rothwell, A. T., Glover, J. L., & Lambert, S. A. (2020). Graduate employability, employment prospects and work-readiness in the changing field of professional work. International Journal of Management Education, 18(2), 0–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2020.100378

Indrawati, S. M., & Kuncoro, A. (2021). Improving Competitiveness Through Vocational and Higher Education: Indonesia’s Vision for Human Capital Development In 2019–2024. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 57(1), 29–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2021.1909692

Kholis, A. (2021). Elsa Speak App: Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) for Supplementing English Pronunciation Skills. Pedagogy: Journal of English Language Teaching, 9(1), 01. https://doi.org/10.32332/joelt.v9i1.2723

Kovalchuk, V., Maslich, S., Tkachenko, N., Shevchuk, S., & Shchypska, T. (2022). Vocational Education in the Context of Modern Problems and Challenges. Journal of Curriculum and Teaching, 11(8), 329–338. https://doi.org/10.5430/jct.v11n8p329

Latif, W. B., Yasin, I. M. Y., Rahaman, M. A., Forid, M. S., Islam, M. N., & Hossain, M. Z. (2024). Impact of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) on Interactive Learning Systems. Pacific Journal of Advanced Engineering Innovations, 1(1), 23-32. https://doi.org/10.70818/pjaei.2024.v01i01.016

Li, L. (2024). Reskilling and upskilling the future-ready workforce for industry 4.0 and beyond. Information Systems Frontiers, 26(5), 1697–1712. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-022-10308-y

Moser, S., & Lewalter, D. (2024). The impact of instructional support via generative learning strategies on the perception of visual authenticity, learning outcomes, and satisfaction in AR-based learning. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 39(4), 3437-3462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-024-00813-w

Norouzkhani, N., Norouzi, S., Faramarzi, M., Bahari, A., Shirvani, J. S., Eslami, S., & Tabesh, H. (2025). Developing and evaluating a gamified self-management application for inflammatory bowel disease using the ADDIE model and Sukr framework. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 25(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-024-02842-3

Novaliendry, D., Darmi, R., Hendriyani, Y., Nor, M., & Azman, A. (2020). Smart Learning Media Based on Android Technology. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 12(11), 715–735. https://www.ijicc.net/images/vol12/iss11/121109_Novaliendry_2020_E_R.pdf

Nowicki, G. J., Mazurek, W., Waśkowicz, A., Kowalczyk, E., Kozioł, J., Miłosz, M., Dzieńkowski, M., & Ślusarska, B. (2024). Development and pre-evaluation of a “DiagNurse” mobile app to support nurses in clinical diagnosis using the ADDIE model. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 29765. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-81813-0

Nupiah, A., McCulley, W., & He, T. (2022). The Implication of Students’ Psychological Aspects on Learning Difficulties Experienced by Students in Learning in School. Al-Hijr: Journal of Adulearn World, 1(3), 108–117. https://doi.org/10.55849/alhijr.v1i3.17

Okoye, K., Rodriguez-Tort, J. A., Escamilla, J., & Hosseini, S. (2021). Technology-mediated teaching and learning process: A conceptual study of educators’ response amidst the Covid-19 pandemic. In Education and Information Technologies (Vol. 26, Issue 6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10527-x

P. Oronce, J., & O. Manalo, D. A. (2021). Development and Validation of Flipbook in Earth and Life Science. International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 3(1), 111–117. https://doi.org/10.54476/iimrj273

Pensabe-Rodriguez, A., Lopez-Dominguez, E., Hernandez-Velazquez, Y., Dominguez-Isidro, S., & De-la-Calleja, J. (2020). Context-aware mobile learning system: Usability assessment based on a field study. Telematics and Informatics, 48, 101346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2020.101346

Piwowar-Sulej, K. (2021). Human resources development as an element of sustainable HRM – with the focus on production engineers. Journal of Cleaner Production, 278, 124008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124008

Plekhanov, D., Franke, H., & Netland, T. H. (2023). Digital transformation: A review and research agenda. European Management Journal, 41(6), 821–844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2022.09.007

Rabiman, R., Sudira, P., Sofyan, H., & Nurtanto, M. (2021). Practical learning media in subject maintenance of chassis and power (MCP) based online: Simple learning using videos on YouTube. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM), 15(03), pp. 130–145. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v15i03.14943

Rahayu, S., Ghinaya, Z., Al Dhahrani, J., Sabitri, Z., Meirawan, D., Muktiarni, M., Sukadi, S., Purwanto, D., & Iswardhany, R. (2024). The Level Analysis of Student Employability Skill for the Needs of the Work Industry in Vocational Education in the VUCA World (Issue Veic 2023). Atlantis Press SARL. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-198-2_35

Rahayu, S., Meirawan, D., Muktiarni, M., Ghinaya, Z., & Sabitri, Z. (2024). Analyzing Transferable Skills of Vocational Students To Align With Industry Demands. Jurnal PenSil, 13(1), 34–46. https://doi.org/10.21009/jpensil.v13i1.39803

Rahmatullah, A. S., Mulyasa, E., Syahrani, S., Pongpalilu, F., & Putri, R. E. (2022). Digital era 4.0: The contribution to education and student psychology. Linguistics and Culture Review, 89–107. https://doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v6nS3.2064

Rizal, R., Rusdiana, D., Setiawan, W., & Siahaan, P. (2022). Learning Management System supported smartphone (LMS3): Online learning application in Physics for school courses to enhance digital literacy of preservice Physics teacher. Journal of Technology and Science Education, 12(1), 191–203. https://doi.org/10.3926/jotse.1049

Saari, A., Rasul, M. S., Yasin, R. M., Rauf, R. A. A., Ashari, Z. H. M., & Pranita, D. (2021). Skills sets for workforce in the 4th industrial revolution: Expectation from authorities and industrial players. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 13(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.30880/jtet.2021.13.02.001

Sabitri, Z., Meirawan, D., & Rahayu, S. (2024). Enhancing Vocational Students’ Critical Thinking Skills in Society 5 . 0 with Flipbook and Augmented Reality Learning Media. 24(1), 31–42. https://doi.org/10.24036/invotek.v24i1.1166

Saleem, A. N., Noori, N. M., & Ozdamli, F. (2022). Gamification Applications in E-learning: A Literature Review. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 27(1), 139–159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-020-09487-x

Sanusi, F. M., Rompas, P. T. D., & Oroh, R. R. (2023). Implementation of the Occupational Safety and Health Management System in the Automotive Light Vehicle Engineering Workshop of Cokroaminoto Vocational School, Kotamobagu. International Journal of Information Technology and Education, 2(4), 122–141. https://doi.org/10.62711/ijite.v2i4.160

Saputra, H. N., Fajriani, A., & Farni, W. O. (2024). Development of Augmented Reality as a Learning Media Introduction of Early Childhood Prayer Guidelines. Proceeding of International Conference on Educational Governance, Policy, and Leadership (ICEGPL), 1(1), 12–30. https://journal.umkendari.ac.id/ICEGPL/article/view/654

Shakeel, S. I., Al Mamun, M. A., & Haolader, M. F. A. (2023). Instructional design with ADDIE and rapid prototyping for blended learning: validation and its acceptance in the context of TVET Bangladesh. Education and Information Technologies. Educ Inf Technol 28(6), 7601–7630. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11471-0

Sharma, A., Mehtab, R., Mohan, S., & Mohd Shah, M. K. (2022). Augmented reality – an important aspect of Industry 4.0. Industrial Robot, 49(3), 428–441. https://doi.org/10.1108/IR-09-2021-0204

Song, X., & Xu, D. (2024). More Graduates, Fewer Skills? Vocational Education Expansion and Skilled Labour Shortages in China. China Quarterly, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741023001856

Xinming, Z. (2023). Research on cultivating innovation and practical skills in higher vocational education. Frontiers in Educational Research, 6(26), 29-36. https://dx.doi.org/10.25236/FER.2023.062606

Xu, Y., Thomas, T., Li, Z., Chan, M., Lin, G., & Moore, K. (2024). Examining children’s perceptions of AI-enabled interactive media characters. International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction, 42, 100700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcci.2024.100700

Downloads

Published

2025-08-07

How to Cite

Rahayu, S., Meirawan, D., Muktiarni, M., Ghinaya, Z., Sabitri, Z., & Ismail, A. (2025). Development of an AR-based flipbook as an innovative learning resource. Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Kejuruan, 8(3), 141-154. https://doi.org/10.24036/jptk.v1i1.46223

Similar Articles

1-10 of 49

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.